安徽省2025届同步达标自主练习·八年级第三次历史

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安徽省2025届同步达标自主练习·八年级第三次历史试卷答案

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D.Dosomecomplexmathematicalcalculations.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Ada,anAdvancedComputerLanguageB.CharlesBabbage,thePioneerofComputersC.AnalyticalEngine,theFirstModernComputerD.AdaLovelacc,theFirstComputerProgrammerCEightmonthsafterChinaputa10-yearbanonfishingintheYangtzeRiver,agroupofabout10Yangtzefinlessporpoises()wereseenintheriverofWuhan,HubeiProvince.Theirappearancewassaidtobearesultoflessinterference()fromhumanactivitiesoranincreasefoodavailability."Risingwatcrleveisduringthefloodseasonandthefishingbanmaybothcontributetothisrareanimal'sappearance.Withoutinterferencefromhumanactivitics,thefinlessporpoisesmightbemorcactive,"saidZhangXianfeng,anaquatic(水生：的)wildliferesearcher..ThefinlessporpoiseiswidelybelievedtobeanimportanthealthindicatoroftheYangtzeRiver.Overthepast40years,itspopulationhasdeclineddramaticallyduetomanyfactors,suchasclimatechangeandhabitatloss.In2013,itwasclassifiedas"criticallyendangered"bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.However,thepopulationhasshownsomcstabilityinrecentyearsthankstojointprotectionfromgovernmentorgans,researchinstitutesandothersocialorganizations.Zhangbelievesit'sagoodthingthatthepublichasbecomemoreawareoftheurgencyofsavingthefinlessporpoiseandprotectingtheecosystemoftheYangtzeRiver.However,theappearanceofthefinlessporpoisescannotnecessarilybeseenasasignthatthepopulationisincreasing.Itstotalpopulation,around1,000,isverylimited,whichmakcsthechancesforthemtohavebabiesverysliminsuchalongriverastheYangtzeRiver.TopreservebiodiversityalongtheYangtzeRiver,Chinaimposeda10-yearfishingbanin332conservationareas,protectingnotonlythefinlessporpoisebutalsomorethan4,300kindsofaquaticlifelivingintheYangizeRiver.Thefishingban,whichiscrucialtoecologicalrestorationofthewholeriver,willsignificantlyexpandthefinlessporpoise'sfoodsupplyandremovethethreatfromfishingtools.However,thecffectwillbeknownonlyafterthreetofiveyears.28.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theeffectofthe10-yearfishingban.B.Thelivingconditionsoffinlessporpoises.C.Thenecessityoflimitinghumanactivities.

25.阅读材料,完成下列要求。(14分)材料一汉代继承了秦朝的全民户口登记制度,将全国的地主、自耕农、雇农、佣工、商人,全部编入国家的户籍,这叫做“编户齐民”。国家要求各县在每一年的仲秋,都要进行“案比”,更造户籍,县衙将各户户籍造册上报郡国,郡国汇总又上报朝廷。“编户齐民”最重要的义务是向国家提供赋税与徭役。人户要迁移户籍,须经“乡啬夫”批准。脱籍流亡是触犯法律的,户籍失要被罚为官家奴仆。赋税与徭役的征收及社会控制的实现,都必须通过发达的户籍制度来支持。材料二唐代中报户籍信息的时候,还必须接受一道叫做“团貌”的程序,即居民登记户籍时,验查户籍上所有人的年貌,以防止有人虚报年龄或假冒残疾来选避赋役,因此,户籍档案通常记录了人户的体貌特征,如肤色、身高、面部有何特点,户籍登记,每三年举行一次。国家要按照户籍上的丁口向每个家庭授田,商人的授田数量是平民的一半。获得了国家授田的百姓,需要为国家纳税和服役。农民也因此被束缚在土地上,无法自由迁徙。唐代户籍包括“编户”与“非编户”两个不平等的阶级,编户为良民(自由民),非编户为贱民(非自由民)。贱民主要包括给官府服役的官贱民和依附于门阀世族的私贱民。——以上材料均摘编自吴钩《户口簿上的中国史》(1)根据材料一、二,概括汉代和唐代户籍制度的相同之处,并指出唐代户籍制度相比汉代发生的变化。(8分)(2)根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,简评汉唐户籍制度。(6分)

13.十六国北朝时期,各政权普遍推行“胡汉分治”政策,即对境内少数民族采用本族制,汉族采用汉制。其具体到职官上,则是中央职官名号大都沿袭汉魏以来的制度,地方上大都采用州郡县三级制。该政策A.进一步分裂了民族关系B.目的是镇压汉族势力DC.有利于少数民族汉化D.巩固了民族大融合