2025年上海市徐汇区二模英语试卷（含答案）

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1、2024学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语  试卷2025.4（考试时间105分钟   满分115分）I. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the g

2、iven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Horses are smarter than theyre given credit forHorses are capable of strategic thinking and planning ahead, a new study has found.Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses    1    they

3、 had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage    2    (ensure) they would continue getting treats.The study    3    (inv

4、olve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. In the second stage, a “stop light” was introduced, and the rule was changed so that the reward was only given    4    they touched the card when the light was off. This did n

5、ot alter the behaviour of the horses, as they    5    (observe) touching the card regardless of the status of the light. In the final stage, researchers introduced a “punishment” element of a 10-second timeout    6    playing or receiving any rewards for touch

6、ing the card while the stop light was on.At this point, all the horses suddenly began to play the game correctly, only touching the card when it would lead to a treat. Instantly    7    (switch) strategies in this way indicates the horses understood the rule of the stop light the

7、 entire time, but had no reason to follow the rule when there was no consequence for getting it wrong. This showed the animals have the ability to think and plan ahead something previously    8    (consider) to be beyond their capacity.“Its fascinating because they have a very underdeveloped pre-frontal cortex (前额叶皮质),